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China, Arab states launch a five-year action plan to combat drought, desertification and land degradation_我的网站
一 | 日前，经国务院批复同意印发的《扩大消费“十五五”规划》提出，要“坚持扩大内需这个战略基点”“更好发挥消费对经济发展的基础性作用”，这表明消费作为国民经济基础、推动经济增长重要引擎的作用更加突出，也反映出当前我国经济增长动力机制从投资和出口驱动向内需消费主导的深刻转型。 对消费的重视有着深刻的宏观背景与现实紧迫性。
Picture of desert in Aswan, Egypt: VCG
China and Arab states have launched a five-year action plan to combat drought, desertification and land degradation, which expand their cooperation beyond traditional desertification control to technological innovation in areas such as grassland conservation, watershed management and wetland protection, during a UN conference in combating desertification, the Global Times learned from China's National Forestry and Grassland Administration (NFGA) on Sunday.
The plan was launched at a meeting on the sidelines of the 17th session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (COP17), now underway in Ulan Bator, Mongolia.
Under the action plan, China and Arab states will deepen practical cooperation over the next five years in key areas including desertification and degraded land restoration, sand and dust storm monitoring and early warning, grassland management, biodiversity conservation, and wetland protection and restoration, according to a press release sent to the Global Times by the NFGA.
The two sides will step up technological innovation and the application of research outcomes by developing platforms for sharing technologies, data and research results, conducting interdisciplinary research, and developing technologies such as remote sensing and intelligent assessment of land degradation. The plan also calls for establishing demonstration bases supporting the implementation of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification.
The plan also calls for strengthening China-Arab cooperation networks on desertification control, improving mechanisms for sharing policies, technologies and research outcomes, and expanding partnerships under the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative. Governments, research institutions, businesses, social organizations and local communities will be encouraged to participate.
Cooperation on capacity building will also be expanded through exchanges among young experts, joint research, field demonstrations and technical training.
The meeting was jointly hosted by China's NFGA and the Secretariat of the League of Arab States, and organized by the Chinese Academy of Forestry and the China-Arab States International Research Center for Drought, Desertification and Land Degradation.
Cui Lijuan, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Forestry noted that some initiatives are already taking shape. China and Egypt, for example, are exploring a comparative study of the basins of Yellow River and Nile River, with the aim of exchanging experience in ecological protection and integrated watershed management.
The initiative, according to Cui, has received support from the Chinese Academy of Forestry and attracted interest from international non-governmental organizations.
Future cooperation between China and Arab states will also focus on desertification monitoring and early warning, ecological technologies, and exchanges and training for young professionals.
The two sides also aim to broaden participation by bringing businesses, social organizations and international institutions into a cooperation framework currently led primarily by government agencies, Cui said.
In 2023, the China-Arab International Research Center on Drought, Desertification and Land Degradation was inaugurated during an international forum on desert control, showcasing China's commitment to sharing its expertise gained from the Kubuqi desert control, per Xinhua.
Over the past three years, the center has steadily strengthened regular cooperation mechanisms between China and Arab states. The two sides have jointly developed Earth observation and intelligent decision-support tools for land degradation, while China has compiled 30 practical desertification-control technologies across six categories suitable for application in Arab states, according to NFGA.
The center has also established regular channels of exchange with countries including Saudi Arabia and Egypt, while building an initial China-Arab desertification-control network and expert pool to support continued technical cooperation and professional training across Arab states.
。当前全球贸易保护主义抬头，外需不确定性明显增加，依靠外部市场拉动增长的空间受到挤压，必须立足国内需求掌握发展主动权。我国已进入工业化、城镇化中后期，大规模基建投资边际效用递减，而居民消费率较发达经济体仍有差距，消费潜力尚未充分释放。数据显示，“十四五”时期最终消费支出对经济增长的平均贡献率达58.8%，2025年社会消费品零售总额已突破50万亿元，消费的基础性地位已具现实支撑，但仍面临供强需弱、社保预期不稳等制约，需在“十五五”时期通过专项规划系统破局。 《规划》提出，到2030年社会消费品零售总额达到60万亿元左右，居民消费率明显提高，消费对经济增长的拉动作用进一步增强，以量化目标锚定消费的市场底盘。在任务层面，首次将促进服务消费提质惠民列为六大重点任务之首，聚焦养老、托育、文旅、健康等短板领域，顺应消费结构从商品为主向商品服务并重升级的规律；同时围绕提升消费能力、优化消费环境、完善制度机制等维度部署28条举措，包括清理汽车、住房等领域不合理限制、落实带薪休假、健全社保兜底等，构建起“增收—保障—供给—制度”的长效机制。《规划》设置9个专栏细化落地，标志着消费基础性作用有了实实在在的抓手。
二 | 超大规模市场是我国经济发展的重要优势。更好发挥消费对经济发展的基础性作用，关键在于跳出短期思维，打好需求侧增收减负与供给侧提质适配的组合拳。在需求侧，要夯实居民消费能力根基，推动居民收入增长与经济增长同步，健全工资合理增长机制，增加财产性收入渠道，同时通过优化教育、医疗、养老等公共服务供给降低预防性储蓄动机，让居民能消费、敢消费。在供给侧，要以服务消费扩容和业态创新匹配升级需求，推动“人工智能+消费”、绿色消费等新场景供给，以高标准质量体系倒逼商品服务升级，解决供需错配导致的消费外流与意愿不足。
三 | 在制度侧，需加快清理抑制消费的不合理限制，完善财政金融协同支持机制，落实休假制度保障消费时间，推动消费与投资良性互动，使有效投资更多投向消费基础设施与民生短板。 让消费真正发挥作用，考验的是宏观政策的定力与耐心。《规划》从短期刺激托底转向深耕收入分配、社会保障与制度环境，旨在换取经济长周期的稳步增长。随着《规划》的深入实施，一个供需互促、城乡互补、内外联通的强大国内市场必将加速形成，为中国式现代化注入源源不断的内生动力。(本文来源：经济日报 作者：金观平）。
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